Chapter 4: Bioremediation of heavily polluted environment using a combinatorial approach of synthetic biology and nanotechnology

Ecological pollution is a great concern now a days, worldwide due to natural and manmade exposure continuously. Synthetic biology and nano-biotechnological strategy can be a pivotal role in environmental pollutants cleanup from a contaminated sites. Conventional remedial strategies such as physical and chemical process are not efficient to redress the current hurdle related to many heavily polluted environmental concerns. Owing to human interference, continuous recalcitrant pollutants are exposing in surrounding environment. Bioremediation mechanism is ecosystem preventive tool to remove contaminants from the environment using different microorganisms. It offers the sustainable development and backup of traditional remedial measures. Different microorganisms have been isolated and characterized to clean-up the heavily polluted exposure, but in most of the cases, cannot completed the whole degradation process or in effective in situations with wastes mixture. This chapter focuses on advances in synthetic biology and nanobiotechnological combinatorial strategy to solve the heavy load of pollutants in environment. Using the system biology techniques, an important information can traced to metabolic engineering of microbes for the great potential against the heavy pollutants which is a big threats in terms of ecological disturbance. Construction of nano-particle plays a pivotal role in environmental pollutants removal process. Role of nano-particles including current availability of innovative strategies in bioremediation will supports in increasing the heavy pollutants removal efficacies, effective costs and results. This chapter also highlights the combinatorial strategy of synthetic biology, engineering and nanobiotechnological techniques in terms of bioremediation. Role of different biomaterials, or nanoparticles, and biocatalysts have also been detailed in this chapter.